terraform/website/source/intro/getting-started/provision.html.md

---
layout: "intro"
page_title: "Provision"
sidebar_current: "gettingstarted-provision"
---

# Provision

You're now able to create and modify infrastructure. This page
introduces how to use provisioners to run basic shell scripts on
instances when they're created.

If you're using an image-based infrastructure (perhaps with images
created with [Packer](http://www.packer.io)), then what you've
learned so far is good enough. But if you need to do some initial
setup on your instances, provisioners let you upload files,
run shell scripts, etc.

## Defining a Provisioner

To define a provisioner, modify the resource block defining the
"example" EC2 instance to look like the following:

```
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
	ami = "ami-aa7ab6c2"
	instance_type = "t1.micro"

	provisioner "local-exec" {
		command = "echo ${aws_instance.example.public_ip} > file.txt"
	}
}
```

This adds a `provision` block within the `resource` block. Multiple
`provision` blocks can be added to define multiple provisoining steps.
Terraform supports
[multiple provisioners](/docs/provisioners/index.html),
but for this example we use the "local-exec" provisioner.

The "local-exec" provisioner executes a command locally on the machine
running Terraform. We're using this provisioner versus the others so
we don't have to worry about specifying any
[connection info](/docs/provisioners/connection.html) right now.

## Running Provisioners

Provisioners are run only when a resource is _created_. They
are not a replacement for configuration management and changing
the software of an already-running server, and are instead just
meant as a way to bootstrap a server. For configuration management,
you should use Terraform provisioning to bootstrap a real configuration
management solution.

Make sure that your infrastructure is
[destroyed](/intro/getting-started/destroy.html) if it isn't already,
then run `apply`:

```
$ terraform apply
aws_instance.example: Creating...
  ami:           "" => "ami-aa7ab6c2"
  instance_type: "" => "t1.micro"
aws_eip.ip: Creating...
  instance: "" => "i-213f350a"

Apply complete! Resources: 2 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.
```

Terraform currently doesn't output anything to indicate the provisioners
have run. This is going to be fixed soon. However, we can verify
everything worked by looking at the "file.txt" file:

```
$ cat file.txt
54.192.26.128
```

It contains the IP, just ask we asked!

## Failed Provisioners and Tainted Resources

If a resource successfully creates but fails during provision,
Terraform will error and mark the resource as "tainted." A
resource that is tainted has been physically created, but can't
be considered safe to use since provisioning failed.

When you generate your next execution plan, Terraform will remove
any tainted resources and create new resources, attempting to
provision again. It does not attempt to restart provisioning on the
same resource because it isn't guaranteed to be safe.

Terraform does not automatically roll back and destroy the resource
during the apply when the failure happens, because that would go
against the execution plan: the execution plan would've said a
resource will be created, but does not say it will ever be deleted.
But if you create an execution plan with a tainted resource, the
plan will clearly state that the resource will be destroyed because
it is tainted.

## Next

Provisioning is important for being able to bootstrap instances.
As another reminder, it is not a replacement for configuration
management. It is meant to simply bootstrap machines. If you use
configuration management, you should use the provisioning as a way
to bootstrap the configuration management utility.

In the next section, we start looking at variables as a way to
better parameterize our configurations.