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---
layout: "docs"
page_title: "Commands"
sidebar_current: "docs-commands"
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description: |-
Main usage information for the Terraform CLI tool.
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---
# Terraform Commands (CLI)
> **Hands-on:** Try the [Terraform: Get Started](https://learn.hashicorp.com/collections/terraform/aws-get-started?utm_source=WEBSITE&utm_medium=WEB_IO&utm_offer=ARTICLE_PAGE&utm_content=DOCS) collection on HashiCorp Learn.
The command line interface to Terraform is via the `terraform` command, which
accepts a variety of subcommands such as `terraform init` or `terraform plan`.
A full list of all of the supported subcommands is in the navigation section
of this page.
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We refer to the `terraform` command line tool as "Terraform CLI" elsewhere
in the documentation. This terminology is often used to distinguish it from
other components you might use in the Terraform product family, such as
[Terraform Cloud](/docs/cloud/) or
the various [Terraform providers](/docs/providers/), which are developed and
released separately from Terraform CLI.
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To view a list of the commands available in your current Terraform version,
run `terraform` with no additional arguments:
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```text
main: new global option -chdir This new option is intended to address the previous inconsistencies where some older subcommands supported partially changing the target directory (where Terraform would use the new directory inconsistently) where newer commands did not support that override at all. Instead, now Terraform will accept a -chdir command at the start of the command line (before the subcommand) and will interpret it as a request to direct all actions that would normally be taken in the current working directory into the target directory instead. This is similar to options offered by some other similar tools, such as the -C option in "make". The new option is only accepted at the start of the command line (before the subcommand) as a way to reflect that it is a global command (not specific to a particular subcommand) and that it takes effect _before_ executing the subcommand. This also means it'll be forced to appear before any other command-specific arguments that take file paths, which hopefully communicates that those other arguments are interpreted relative to the overridden path. As a measure of pragmatism for existing uses, the path.cwd object in the Terraform language will continue to return the _original_ working directory (ignoring -chdir), in case that is important in some exceptional workflows. The path.root object gives the root module directory, which will always match the overriden working directory unless the user simultaneously uses one of the legacy directory override arguments, which is not a pattern we intend to support in the long run. As a first step down the deprecation path, this commit adjusts the documentation to de-emphasize the inconsistent old command line arguments, including specific guidance on what to use instead for the main three workflow commands, but all of those options remain supported in the same way as they were before. In a later commit we'll make those arguments produce a visible deprecation warning in Terraform's output, and then in an even later commit we'll remove them entirely so that -chdir is the single supported way to run Terraform from a directory other than the one containing the root module configuration.
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Usage: terraform [global options] <subcommand> [args]
The available commands for execution are listed below.
The primary workflow commands are given first, followed by
less common or more advanced commands.
Main commands:
init Prepare your working directory for other commands
validate Check whether the configuration is valid
plan Show changes required by the current configuration
apply Create or update infrastructure
destroy Destroy previously-created infrastructure
main: new global option -chdir This new option is intended to address the previous inconsistencies where some older subcommands supported partially changing the target directory (where Terraform would use the new directory inconsistently) where newer commands did not support that override at all. Instead, now Terraform will accept a -chdir command at the start of the command line (before the subcommand) and will interpret it as a request to direct all actions that would normally be taken in the current working directory into the target directory instead. This is similar to options offered by some other similar tools, such as the -C option in "make". The new option is only accepted at the start of the command line (before the subcommand) as a way to reflect that it is a global command (not specific to a particular subcommand) and that it takes effect _before_ executing the subcommand. This also means it'll be forced to appear before any other command-specific arguments that take file paths, which hopefully communicates that those other arguments are interpreted relative to the overridden path. As a measure of pragmatism for existing uses, the path.cwd object in the Terraform language will continue to return the _original_ working directory (ignoring -chdir), in case that is important in some exceptional workflows. The path.root object gives the root module directory, which will always match the overriden working directory unless the user simultaneously uses one of the legacy directory override arguments, which is not a pattern we intend to support in the long run. As a first step down the deprecation path, this commit adjusts the documentation to de-emphasize the inconsistent old command line arguments, including specific guidance on what to use instead for the main three workflow commands, but all of those options remain supported in the same way as they were before. In a later commit we'll make those arguments produce a visible deprecation warning in Terraform's output, and then in an even later commit we'll remove them entirely so that -chdir is the single supported way to run Terraform from a directory other than the one containing the root module configuration.
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All other commands:
console Try Terraform expressions at an interactive command prompt
fmt Reformat your configuration in the standard style
force-unlock Release a stuck lock on the current workspace
get Install or upgrade remote Terraform modules
graph Generate a Graphviz graph of the steps in an operation
import Associate existing infrastructure with a Terraform resource
login Obtain and save credentials for a remote host
logout Remove locally-stored credentials for a remote host
output Show output values from your root module
providers Show the providers required for this configuration
refresh Update the state to match remote systems
show Show the current state or a saved plan
state Advanced state management
taint Mark a resource instance as not fully functional
untaint Remove the 'tainted' state from a resource instance
version Show the current Terraform version
workspace Workspace management
main: new global option -chdir This new option is intended to address the previous inconsistencies where some older subcommands supported partially changing the target directory (where Terraform would use the new directory inconsistently) where newer commands did not support that override at all. Instead, now Terraform will accept a -chdir command at the start of the command line (before the subcommand) and will interpret it as a request to direct all actions that would normally be taken in the current working directory into the target directory instead. This is similar to options offered by some other similar tools, such as the -C option in "make". The new option is only accepted at the start of the command line (before the subcommand) as a way to reflect that it is a global command (not specific to a particular subcommand) and that it takes effect _before_ executing the subcommand. This also means it'll be forced to appear before any other command-specific arguments that take file paths, which hopefully communicates that those other arguments are interpreted relative to the overridden path. As a measure of pragmatism for existing uses, the path.cwd object in the Terraform language will continue to return the _original_ working directory (ignoring -chdir), in case that is important in some exceptional workflows. The path.root object gives the root module directory, which will always match the overriden working directory unless the user simultaneously uses one of the legacy directory override arguments, which is not a pattern we intend to support in the long run. As a first step down the deprecation path, this commit adjusts the documentation to de-emphasize the inconsistent old command line arguments, including specific guidance on what to use instead for the main three workflow commands, but all of those options remain supported in the same way as they were before. In a later commit we'll make those arguments produce a visible deprecation warning in Terraform's output, and then in an even later commit we'll remove them entirely so that -chdir is the single supported way to run Terraform from a directory other than the one containing the root module configuration.
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Global options (use these before the subcommand, if any):
-chdir=DIR Switch to a different working directory before executing the
given subcommand.
-help Show this help output, or the help for a specified subcommand.
-version An alias for the "version" subcommand.
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```
(The output from your current Terraform version may be different than the
above example.)
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To get specific help for any specific command, use the `-help` option with the
relevant subcommand. For example, to see help about the "validate" subcommand
you can run `terraform validate -help`.
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The inline help built in to Terraform CLI describes the most important
characteristics of each command. For more detailed information, refer to each
command's section of this documentation, available in the navigation
section of this page.
main: new global option -chdir This new option is intended to address the previous inconsistencies where some older subcommands supported partially changing the target directory (where Terraform would use the new directory inconsistently) where newer commands did not support that override at all. Instead, now Terraform will accept a -chdir command at the start of the command line (before the subcommand) and will interpret it as a request to direct all actions that would normally be taken in the current working directory into the target directory instead. This is similar to options offered by some other similar tools, such as the -C option in "make". The new option is only accepted at the start of the command line (before the subcommand) as a way to reflect that it is a global command (not specific to a particular subcommand) and that it takes effect _before_ executing the subcommand. This also means it'll be forced to appear before any other command-specific arguments that take file paths, which hopefully communicates that those other arguments are interpreted relative to the overridden path. As a measure of pragmatism for existing uses, the path.cwd object in the Terraform language will continue to return the _original_ working directory (ignoring -chdir), in case that is important in some exceptional workflows. The path.root object gives the root module directory, which will always match the overriden working directory unless the user simultaneously uses one of the legacy directory override arguments, which is not a pattern we intend to support in the long run. As a first step down the deprecation path, this commit adjusts the documentation to de-emphasize the inconsistent old command line arguments, including specific guidance on what to use instead for the main three workflow commands, but all of those options remain supported in the same way as they were before. In a later commit we'll make those arguments produce a visible deprecation warning in Terraform's output, and then in an even later commit we'll remove them entirely so that -chdir is the single supported way to run Terraform from a directory other than the one containing the root module configuration.
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## Switching working directory with `-chdir`
The usual way to run Terraform is to first switch to the directory containing
the `.tf` files for your root module (for example, using the `cd` command), so
that Terraform will find those files automatically without any extra arguments.
In some cases though — particularly when wrapping Terraform in automation
scripts — it can be convenient to run Terraform from a different directory than
the root module directory. To allow that, Terraform supports a global option
`-chdir=...` which you can include before the name of the subcommand you intend
to run:
```
terraform -chdir=environments/production apply
```
The `chdir` option instructs Terraform to change its working directory to the
given directory before running the given subcommand. This means that any files
that Terraform would normally read or write in the current working directory
will be read or written in the given directory instead.
There are two exceptions where Terraform will use the original working directory
even when you specify `-chdir=...`:
* Settings in the [CLI Configuration](cli-config.html) are not for a specific
subcommand and Terraform processes them before acting on the `-chdir`
option.
* In case you need to use files from the original working directory as part
of your configuration, a reference to `path.cwd` in the configuration will
produce the original working directory instead of the overridden working
directory. Use `path.root` to get the root module directory.
## Shell Tab-completion
If you use either `bash` or `zsh` as your command shell, Terraform can provide
tab-completion support for all command names and (at this time) _some_ command
arguments.
To add the necessary commands to your shell profile, run the following command:
```bash
terraform -install-autocomplete
```
After installation, it is necessary to restart your shell or to re-read its
profile script before completion will be activated.
To uninstall the completion hook, assuming that it has not been modified
manually in the shell profile, run the following command:
```bash
terraform -uninstall-autocomplete
```
Currently not all of Terraform's subcommands have full tab-completion support
for all arguments. We plan to improve tab-completion coverage over time.
## Upgrade and Security Bulletin Checks
The Terraform CLI commands interact with the HashiCorp service
[Checkpoint](https://checkpoint.hashicorp.com/) to check for the availability
of new versions and for critical security bulletins about the current version.
One place where the effect of this can be seen is in `terraform version`, where
it is used by default to indicate in the output when a newer version is
available.
Only anonymous information, which cannot be used to identify the user or host,
is sent to Checkpoint. An anonymous ID is sent which helps de-duplicate warning
messages. Both the anonymous id and the use of checkpoint itself are completely
optional and can be disabled.
Checkpoint itself can be entirely disabled for all HashiCorp products by
setting the environment variable `CHECKPOINT_DISABLE` to any non-empty value.
Alternatively, settings in
[the CLI configuration file](/docs/commands/cli-config.html) can be used to
disable checkpoint features. The following checkpoint-related settings are
supported in this file:
* `disable_checkpoint` - set to `true` to disable checkpoint calls
entirely. This is similar to the `CHECKPOINT_DISABLE` environment variable
described above.
* `disable_checkpoint_signature` - set to `true` to disable the use of an
anonymous signature in checkpoint requests. This allows Terraform to check
for security bulletins but does not send the anonymous signature in these
requests.
[The Checkpoint client code](https://github.com/hashicorp/go-checkpoint) used
by Terraform is available for review by any interested party.