diff --git a/internal/configs/checks.go b/internal/configs/checks.go
index 8339640cc..0980ec16c 100644
--- a/internal/configs/checks.go
+++ b/internal/configs/checks.go
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2/gohcl"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/addrs"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/lang"
 )
 
 // CheckRule represents a configuration-defined validation rule, precondition,
@@ -32,6 +34,37 @@ type CheckRule struct {
 	DeclRange hcl.Range
 }
 
+// validateSelfReferences looks for references in the check rule matching the
+// specified resource address, returning error diagnostics if such a reference
+// is found.
+func (cr *CheckRule) validateSelfReferences(checkType string, addr addrs.Resource) hcl.Diagnostics {
+	var diags hcl.Diagnostics
+	refs, _ := lang.References(cr.Condition.Variables())
+	for _, ref := range refs {
+		var refAddr addrs.Resource
+
+		switch rs := ref.Subject.(type) {
+		case addrs.Resource:
+			refAddr = rs
+		case addrs.ResourceInstance:
+			refAddr = rs.Resource
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if refAddr.Equal(addr) {
+			diags = diags.Append(&hcl.Diagnostic{
+				Severity: hcl.DiagError,
+				Summary:  fmt.Sprintf("Invalid reference in %s", checkType),
+				Detail:   fmt.Sprintf("Configuration for %s may not refer to itself.", addr.String()),
+				Subject:  cr.Condition.Range().Ptr(),
+			})
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return diags
+}
+
 // decodeCheckRuleBlock decodes the contents of the given block as a check rule.
 //
 // Unlike most of our "decode..." functions, this one can be applied to blocks
diff --git a/internal/configs/resource.go b/internal/configs/resource.go
index 0928f701e..3d9e72533 100644
--- a/internal/configs/resource.go
+++ b/internal/configs/resource.go
@@ -245,6 +245,10 @@ func decodeResourceBlock(block *hcl.Block, override bool) (*Resource, hcl.Diagno
 				case "precondition", "postcondition":
 					cr, moreDiags := decodeCheckRuleBlock(block, override)
 					diags = append(diags, moreDiags...)
+
+					moreDiags = cr.validateSelfReferences(block.Type, r.Addr())
+					diags = append(diags, moreDiags...)
+
 					switch block.Type {
 					case "precondition":
 						r.Preconditions = append(r.Preconditions, cr)
@@ -445,6 +449,10 @@ func decodeDataBlock(block *hcl.Block, override bool) (*Resource, hcl.Diagnostic
 				case "precondition", "postcondition":
 					cr, moreDiags := decodeCheckRuleBlock(block, override)
 					diags = append(diags, moreDiags...)
+
+					moreDiags = cr.validateSelfReferences(block.Type, r.Addr())
+					diags = append(diags, moreDiags...)
+
 					switch block.Type {
 					case "precondition":
 						r.Preconditions = append(r.Preconditions, cr)
diff --git a/internal/configs/testdata/error-files/precondition-postcondition-selfref.tf b/internal/configs/testdata/error-files/precondition-postcondition-selfref.tf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f295c1c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/configs/testdata/error-files/precondition-postcondition-selfref.tf
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+resource "test" "test" {
+  lifecycle {
+    precondition {
+      condition     = test.test.foo # ERROR: Invalid reference in precondition
+      error_message = "Cannot refer to self."
+    }
+    postcondition {
+      condition     = test.test.foo # ERROR: Invalid reference in postcondition
+      error_message = "Cannot refer to self."
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+data "test" "test" {
+  lifecycle {
+    precondition {
+      condition     = data.test.test.foo # ERROR: Invalid reference in precondition
+      error_message = "Cannot refer to self."
+    }
+    postcondition {
+      condition     = data.test.test.foo # ERROR: Invalid reference in postcondition
+      error_message = "Cannot refer to self."
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+resource "test" "test_counted" {
+  count = 1
+
+  lifecycle {
+    precondition {
+      condition     = test.test_counted[0].foo # ERROR: Invalid reference in precondition
+      error_message = "Cannot refer to self."
+    }
+    postcondition {
+      condition     = test.test_counted[0].foo # ERROR: Invalid reference in postcondition
+      error_message = "Cannot refer to self."
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+data "test" "test_counted" {
+  count = 1
+
+  lifecycle {
+    precondition {
+      condition     = data.test.test_counted[0].foo # ERROR: Invalid reference in precondition
+      error_message = "Cannot refer to self."
+    }
+    postcondition {
+      condition     = data.test.test_counted[0].foo # ERROR: Invalid reference in postcondition
+      error_message = "Cannot refer to self."
+    }
+  }
+}