113 lines
4.9 KiB
Plaintext
113 lines
4.9 KiB
Plaintext
---
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page_title: 'Internals: Remote Service Discovery'
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description: |-
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Remote service discovery is a protocol used to locate Terraform-native
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services provided at a user-friendly hostname.
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---
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# Remote Service Discovery
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Terraform implements much of its functionality in terms of remote services.
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While in many cases these are generic third-party services that are useful
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to many applications, some of these services are tailored specifically to
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Terraform's needs. We call these _Terraform-native services_, and Terraform
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interacts with them via the remote service discovery protocol described below.
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## User-facing Hostname
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Terraform-native services are provided, from a user's perspective, at a
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user-facing "friendly hostname" which serves as the key for configuration and
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for any authentication credentials required.
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The discovery protocol's purpose is to map from a user-provided hostname to
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the base URL of a particular service. Each host can provide different
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combinations of services -- or no services at all! -- and so the discovery
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protocol has a secondary purpose of allowing Terraform to identify _which_
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services are valid for a given hostname.
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For example, module source strings can include a module registry hostname
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as their first segment, like `example.com/namespace/name/provider`, and
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Terraform uses service discovery to determine whether `example.com` _has_
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a module registry, and if so where its API is available.
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A user-facing hostname is a fully-specified
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[internationalized domain name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name)
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expressed in its Unicode form (the corresponding "punycode" form is not allowed)
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which must be resolvable in DNS to an address that has an HTTPS server running
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on port 443.
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User-facing hostnames are normalized for internal comparison using the
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standard Unicode [Nameprep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nameprep) algorithm,
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which includes converting all letters to lowercase, normalizing combining
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diacritics to precomposed form where possible, and various other normalization
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steps.
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## Discovery Process
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Given a hostname, discovery begins by forming an initial discovery URL
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using that hostname with the `https:` scheme and the fixed path
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`/.well-known/terraform.json`.
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For example, given the hostname `example.com` the initial discovery URL
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would be `https://example.com/.well-known/terraform.json`.
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Terraform then sends a `GET` request to this discovery URL and expects a
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JSON response. If the response does not have status 200, does not have a media
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type of `application/json` or, if the body cannot be parsed as a JSON object,
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then discovery fails and Terraform considers the host to not support _any_
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Terraform-native services.
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If the response is an HTTP redirect then Terraform repeats this step with the
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new location as its discovery URL. Terraform is guaranteed to follow at least
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one redirect, but nested redirects are not guaranteed nor recommended.
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If the response is a valid JSON object then its keys are Terraform native
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service identifiers, consisting of a service type name and a version string
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separated by a period. For example, the service identifier for version 1 of
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the module registry protocol is `modules.v1`.
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The value of each object element is the base URL for the service in question.
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This URL may be either absolute or relative, and if relative it is resolved
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against the final discovery URL (_after_ following redirects).
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The following is an example discovery document declaring support for
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version 1 of the module registry protocol:
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```json
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{
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"modules.v1": "https://modules.example.com/v1/"
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}
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```
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## Supported Services
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At present, the following service identifiers are in use:
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* `login.v1`: [login protocol version 1](/cli/commands/login)
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* `modules.v1`: [module registry API version 1](/internals/module-registry-protocol)
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* `providers.v1`: [provider registry API version 1](/internals/provider-registry-protocol)
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## Authentication
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If credentials for the given hostname are available in
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[the CLI config](/cli/config/config-file) then they will be included
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in the request for the discovery document.
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The credentials may also be provided to endpoints declared in the discovery
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document, depending on the requirements of the service in question.
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## Non-standard Ports in User-facing Hostnames
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It is strongly recommended to provide the discovery document for a hostname
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on the standard HTTPS port 443. However, in development environments this is
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not always possible or convenient, so Terraform allows a hostname to end
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with a port specification consisting of a colon followed by one or more
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decimal digits.
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When a custom port number is present, the service on that port is expected to
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implement HTTPS and respond to the same fixed discovery path.
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For day-to-day use it is strongly recommended _not_ to rely on this mechanism
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and to instead provide the discovery document on the standard port, since this
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allows use of the most user-friendly hostname form.
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